Submerged villages due to floods


The primary responsibility of disaster management rests with the State Government. The Central Government supplements the efforts of the State Government and provides requisite logistics and financial support. For providing relief in case of twelve notified natural disasters including floods, State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) is placed at the disposal of the State Government. Additional financial assistance is extended from National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) as per established procedure in case of disaster of severe in nature. Under the extant guidelines of SDRF and NDRF, relief is provided to the affected people for the damages caused due to notified natural calamities and not for compensation of loss suffered/claimed. Details of funds released under SDRF and NDRF during last five years to the State of Assam is given in table at below:




(Rs. in Crores)







Allocation under SDRF including Centre and State share

Centre’s Share of SDRF Released

Release from NDRF


(For all calamities)

2018-19

2019-20

2020-21

2021-22

2022-23

2018-19

2019-20

2020-21

2021-22

2022-23

2018-19

2019-20

2020-21

2021-22

2022-23

532.00

559.00

686.40

686.40

720.80

478. 80

503.10

617.60

617.60

646.80

44.37




District-wise data about people left homeless and shelter-less in the villages is not maintained centrally. The data on damages due to heavy rain and floods is compiled by Central Water Commission (CWC) after receipt of confirmation from respective States. The statement showing damage due to floods/heavy rains in the State of Assam during the last five years (2016-2020) is at Annexure.


This information was given by the Minister of State, for Jal Shakti, Shri Bishweswar Tudu in a written reply in Lok Sabha today.


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    AS


ANNEXURE














STATEMENT SHOWING DAMAGE DUE TO FLOODS / HEAVY RAINS IN ASSAM DURING  2016 TO 2020

SlNo

Year

Area Affected (Mha)

Population Affected (Million)

Damages to Crops

Damage to Houses

Cattle Lost Nos.

Human Lives Lost            Nos.

Damage to Public Utilities        (Rs. Crore)

Total Damages Crops,Houses & Public Utilities       (Rs. Crore)

Area          (Mha)

Value                (Rs. Crore)

Nos.

Value         (Rs. Crore)

1

2016

NR

0.003

0.000

NR

NR

NR

NR

36

17.890

17.890

2

2017

0.28

5.60

0.28

178.69

111070

90.94

2763

160

3895.18

4164.81

3

2018

0.04

1.32

0.03

23.49

102737

84.01

122

53

2373.48

2480.98

4

2019

0.23

7.36

0.23

167.47

117831

151.40

281

103

2803.11

3121.98

5

2020

0.19

5.79

0.19

145.87

8122

93.36

702

150

2200.50

2439.73




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Submerged sensors to control wearable electronics

Flexible and waterproof sensors that could unlock new applications for wearable electronics have been developed by scientists in Korea. Published in the journal Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, the study shows how the pressure sensor can control a phone, to take photos and play music, even when the sensor is fully immersed in water.

Scientists in Korea have developed a pressure sensor that can control a cell phone from underwater

The technology could transform the use of wearable electronics in healthcare, smart textiles and for specific applications including scuba diving equipment, say the study researchers, who are based at Soongsil University in Seoul.

“Flexible electronics will usher in a whole new world of wearable technologies to monitor our health and lifestyles,” says Jooyong Kim, a materials scientist who led the research. “But until now, many of these applications have been held back because the pressure sensors they rely on could not handle being exposed to water. We have changed that.”

To demonstrate the power of the new technology, the researchers incorporated one of the sensors into a flexible face mask. Sensitive enough to detect the movement of air inside the mask, the sensor could track and report the rate of breathing of a wearer in real-time.

The sensor converts tiny movements caused by change in pressure and electrical resistance into electronic signals. Like many similar flexible electronic devices, the design of the circuit was hand-drawn onto a conducting material with a marker-pen, which acts to shield the circuitry when the rest of the material was etched away. This is cheaper than traditional methods.

The researchers then mounted the finger-print sized circuit onto a blend of wet tissue paper and carbon nanotubes, which works to detect changes in pressure. They then covered the layered sensor device with a strip of tape, to make it waterproof.

The device can track both the magnitude and location of pressure applied to it. Using machine learning technology to process the signals, the researchers found the sensors could feel and report applied pressures in the lab with up to 94% accuracy. And by connecting the sensor to a wi-fi network, the researchers could press it underwater to control phone functions, including double touch, triple touch, short touch, and long touch patterns.

“We expect the readily-available materials, easy fabrication techniques, and machine learning algorithms we have demonstrated in this journal article will bring significant contributions to the development of hand-drawn sensors in the future,” says Kim.

Further information
Jooyong Kim
Soongsil University
Email: jykim@ssu.ac.kr

Paper: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14686996.2021.1961100

About Science and Technology of Advanced Materials (STAM)

Open access journal STAM publishes outstanding research articles across all aspects of materials science, including functional and structural materials, theoretical analyses, and properties of materials. https://www.tandfonline.com/STAM

Dr. Yoshikazu Shinohara
STAM Publishing Director
Email: SHINOHARA.Yoshikazu@nims.go.jp

Press release distributed by Asia Research News for Science and Technology of Advanced Materials.


Topic: Press release summary